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Unknown.
[Indian Astrology Treatise.]
Sanskrit MS on laid paper. An example of Hindu Astrology with Hellenistic Influences.
Awaiting image
- Published
- Nepal, ca. 1734
- Plates
- 27
- Binding/Size
- M=4to
- Value
- 5001-25000
- Published
- Nepal, ca. 1734
- Ref
- 1689
Preserved in good condition, despite some signs of wear. Leaf 300 x 215mm / text 230 x 150 mm. 116 leaves, with some pages framed by decorative borders featuring violet, blue, and red flowers, while others are bordered simply with ochre bands edged in red. Some leaves have been polished, and the MS features a combination of simple yet precise Devanagari script written in red and black ink. The text is arranged in single columns, with each page containing between 15 and 20 lines. A few leaves have been rewritten by different hands, evident from the coarser script used in certain sections. Written in a variety of the Sanskrit 'sloka' poetic metre, probably composed in Northern India. It belongs to the Janmapatrika genre - meaning "nativity paper" or "horoscope scroll" - a form of astrological chart that records the date, lunar day, planetary configurations, and relative strengths at an individual's birth. The inner workings of the manuscript involve intricate relationships between planetary influences and personal destinies. The astrological variables address complex interactions that enable detailed predictions about an individual's life. These include not only natural predispositions based on planetary conjunctions but also auspicious and inauspicious days, determined by planetary conjunctions which play a key role in determining optimal times. Influences: It is evident that Hindu astrology, or 'jyotisa', has been influenced significantly by Greek and Hellenistic traditions. Many ancient Indian astrological terms are borrowed directly from greek, such as 'kendra' (centre of a circle), and the earliest Sanskrit texts on astrology - like the Yavanajataka (meaning Greek) date back to around 150 CE. These texts mark the period when Indian astrology adopted the Greco-Roman planetary system and the seven-day week. Importing this calendrical system into India came via the trade routes from the Roman Empire in the early 4th century CE. Its adoption allowed Indian astronomers and astrologers to calculate planetary positions with greater accuracy, enabling the creation of detailed horoscopes and precise astrological predictions. Inscriptions and sculptures from the period often show deities associated with specific weekdays, underscoring the correlation between planetary deities and the weekly cycle. In the MS, the zodiac signs are aligned with the Western 12-sign system, although in traditional Indian astrology, there are 27 'naksatras' (lunar mansions) instead of the 12 signs. Each sign is represented by abbreviation symbols derived from the Sanskrit names, and the sequence follows standard Western order. Illustrations: The treatise is richly illustrated with diagrams and drawings, many labeled as 'cakra' (wheel) - a symbol central to Hindu astrology. The first notable diagram, labeled janmalagnam, shows the positions of the 12 zodiac signs at the moment of birth, arranged in a pattern resembling a lotus flower. Throughout the MS, numerous schemes and painted images depict Hindu gods, divine planets (graha), and celestial phenomena. Prominent figured include Ganesh (Ganapati), Sarasvati (goddess of speech and wisdom), the moon god Ramacandra, the sun god Surya, and the planets Mars (Bhauma), Mercury (Budha), Jupiter (Guru), Venus (Bhrgu), Saturn (Sani), as well as Rahu and Ketu - enigmaticshadow planets associated with eclipses and celestial forces. Several figurative symbols represent core astrological concept, such as the image of a large white cow (Tanubhava), symbolising a specific aspect of personality or life phase. The MS's diagrams also include schemes for astronomical calculations, like laghna, or the zodiacal houses used in horoscope creation.